The hob and shave method has traditionally been the most common combination of green finish processes for gear manufacturing despite its limitations. Escofier maintains that its FCR finish rolling process has emerged as a very viable alternative process with the development of new equipment using exclusive CNC force-controlled rolling (FCR) methods and high-quality CNC ground dies. Currently used after roughing processes such as hobbing, shaping or cold forging, the FCR process is increasingly also used for rolling and densification of powder metal gears. The main benefits of gear rolling are seen in the very fast cycle time of 8 to 10 seconds, the very low costs per part with tool life typically reaching 1 million gears per die reconditioning, the better surface finishes and greater resistance to pitting and wearing, and the improved part consistency and quality.